Usage Guide¶

This guide covers all scan targets and usage patterns for Kingfisher.

Table of Contents¶

• Basic Examples
• Scanning Platform-Specific Targets
• AWS S3
• Google Cloud Storage
• Docker Images
• GitHub
• GitLab
• Azure Repos
• Gitea
• Bitbucket
• Hugging Face
• Jira
• Confluence
• Slack
• Microsoft Teams
• TLS Certificate Validation
• Understanding the Scan Summary
• Environment Variables
• Exit Codes

Basic Examples¶

Note: kingfisher scan detects whether the input is a Git repository or a plain directory, no extra flags required.

Scan with secret validation¶

kingfisher scan /path/to/code
## NOTE: This path can refer to:
# 1. a local git repo
# 2. a directory with many git repos
# 3. or just a folder with files and subdirectories

## To explicitly prevent scanning git commit history add:
#   `--git-history=none`

Scan a directory containing multiple Git repositories¶

kingfisher scan /projects/mono‑repo‑dir

Scan a Git repository without validation¶

kingfisher scan ~/src/myrepo --no-validate

Display only secrets confirmed active by third‑party APIs¶

kingfisher scan /path/to/repo --only-valid

Output JSON and capture to a file¶

kingfisher scan . --format json | tee kingfisher.json

Output TOON for LLM and agent workflows¶

kingfisher scan . --format toon

Use --format toon when Kingfisher is being called by an LLM or agent runtime. The TOON report is optimized for token efficiency, keeps the scan summary up front, and flattens each finding into an easier-to-reason-about row.

Output SARIF directly to disk¶

kingfisher scan /path/to/repo --format sarif --output findings.sarif

Generate an auditor-friendly HTML report¶

kingfisher scan /path/to/repo --format html --output kingfisher-audit.html

The HTML audit report is standalone and includes scan metadata designed for evidence workflows, including scan timestamp, sanitized CLI arguments, version, and finding summary counts.

Access map outputs and viewer¶

Stop Guessing, Start Mapping: Understand Your True Blast Radius

Finding a leaked credential is only the first step. The critical question isn't just "Is this a secret?"—it's "What can an attacker do with it?"

Kingfisher's --access-map feature transforms secret detection from a simple alert into a comprehensive threat assessment. Instead of leaving you with a cryptic API key, Kingfisher actively authenticates against your cloud provider (AWS, GCP, Azure Storage, Azure DevOps, GitHub, GitLab, Slack, or Microsoft Teams) to map the full extent of the credential's power.

• Instant Identity Resolution: Immediately identify who the key belongs to—whether it's a specific IAM user, an assumed role, or a service account.
• Visualize the Blast Radius: See exactly which resources (S3 buckets, EC2 instances, projects, storage containers) are exposed and at risk.

Add --access-map to enrich TOON, JSON, JSONL, BSON, pretty, and SARIF reports with an access_map containing the resources and the permissions that the key can access - for each resource (grouped when identical). - If you validated cloud credentials without --access-map, Kingfisher will remind you on stderr to rerun with the flag so the access map appears in the output. - Run kingfisher view ./kingfisher.json to explore a report locally in a local web UI (opens your browser automatically when a report is provided). - Or use kingfisher scan --view-report ... to generate a JSON report, start the viewer at http://127.0.0.1:7890, and open it in your browser.

Use the access map functionality only when you are authorized to inspect the target account, as Kingfisher will issue additional network requests to determine what access the secret grants

View access-map reports locally¶

kingfisher view kingfisher.json

The view subcommand starts a server (default port 7890, bind address 127.0.0.1) that bundles the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the access-map viewer directly into the Kingfisher binary. Provide a JSON or JSONL report to load it automatically and Kingfisher will open your browser, or open the page and upload a report in the browser. If port 7890 is already in use, re-run with --port <PORT>. To allow access from Docker or other hosts, use --address 0.0.0.0.

Pipe any text directly into Kingfisher by passing -¶

cat /path/to/file.py | kingfisher scan -

Direct secret validation with kingfisher validate¶

When you already know a secret's type and have the raw value, use kingfisher validate to check if it's still active—without needing the surrounding context that detection rules require.

This is useful for: - Re-validating a known secret from a previous scan - Checking if a credential is still active before rotation - Validating secrets from external sources (password managers, ticketing systems, etc.)

Note: The kingfisher. prefix is optional for built-in rules. You can use --rule aws instead of --rule kingfisher.aws.

To reduce API pressure during validation, you can limit request rate:

• --validation-rps <RPS> applies a global rate limit to network validators.
• --validation-rps-rule <RULE_SELECTOR=RPS> applies a rule-scoped override and can be repeated.

Rule selectors use the same prefix behavior as --rule: github=2 targets kingfisher.github.*.

# Global limit for all validation requests
kingfisher scan ./repo --validation-rps 5

# Per-rule overrides (prefix match, kingfisher. prefix optional)
kingfisher scan ./repo \
  --validation-rps 10 \
  --validation-rps-rule github=2 \
  --validation-rps-rule pypi=0.5

# Direct validation can use the same limiter options
kingfisher validate --rule github "ghp_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" \
  --validation-rps-rule github=1

# Validate an OpsGenie API key (using rule prefix matching)
kingfisher validate --rule opsgenie "12345678-9abc-def0-1234-56789abcdef0"

# Validate from stdin
echo "ghp_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" | kingfisher validate --rule github -

# TOON output for LLMs and agent tooling
kingfisher validate --rule slack "xoxb-..." --format toon

# JSON output for scripting
kingfisher validate --rule slack "xoxb-..." --format json

# AWS credentials - use --arg to auto-assign additional values
kingfisher validate --rule aws --arg AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE \
  "wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"

# Or use --var if you know the variable name (explicit rule ID still works)
kingfisher validate --rule kingfisher.aws.2 --var AKID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE \
  "wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"

# GCP service account (pass JSON as secret)
kingfisher validate --rule gcp "$(cat service-account.json)"

# MongoDB connection string
kingfisher validate --rule mongodb.3 \
  "mongodb+srv://user:password@cluster.mongodb.net/db"

# PostgreSQL connection
kingfisher validate --rule postgres \
  "postgres://admin:password@db.example.com:5432/mydb"

# JWT token
kingfisher validate --rule jwt \
  "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9..."

Supported validators: HTTP, Grpc, AWS, GCP, MongoDB, MySQL, Postgres, JDBC, JWT, Azure Storage, and Coinbase.

Exit codes: Returns 0 if any matching rule validates the secret as valid, 1 if all are invalid or an error occurred.

Passing additional values (--arg and --var):

Some validators need more than just the secret. For example, AWS needs both an access key ID and the secret key (see the rule for dependent_rule section):

• --arg VALUE — Auto-assigns values to template variables (in alphabetical order). Use when you don't know the exact variable name.
• --var NAME=VALUE — Explicitly sets a variable. Use when you know the exact name, or to override --arg.

# --arg auto-assigns to AKID (the only non-TOKEN variable for AWS)
kingfisher validate --rule aws --arg AKIAEXAMPLE "secret_key"

# --var for explicit assignment
kingfisher validate --rule aws --var AKID=AKIAEXAMPLE "secret_key"

Rule prefix matching: Use partial rule IDs like opsgenie instead of the full kingfisher.opsgenie.1. If the prefix matches multiple rules, all matching rules with compatible variables are tried:

$ kingfisher validate --rule aws --arg AKIAEXAMPLE "secret_key"
Rule:     AWS Secret Access Key (kingfisher.aws.2)
Result:   ✓ VALID
Response: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/example

Direct secret revocation with kingfisher revoke¶

When you need to invalidate a known token immediately, use kingfisher revoke to call the rule's revocation configuration without scanning files. Revocation requests use the same Liquid templating and response matchers as validation.

This is useful for: - Responding to a leaked credential quickly - Revoking tokens discovered during incident response - Automating cleanup after rotation

# Revoke a Slack token
kingfisher revoke --rule slack "xoxb-..."

# Revoke a GitHub PAT
kingfisher revoke --rule github "ghp_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

# Revoke a GitLab personal access token (self revoke)
kingfisher revoke --rule gitlab "glpat-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

# Revoke an Atlassian API token (requires account_id, tokenId, admin access token)
kingfisher revoke --rule atlassian --arg "<account_id>" --arg "<token_id>" "<admin_access_token>"

# Revoke AWS credentials (sets access key to Inactive)
kingfisher revoke --rule aws --arg "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE" "wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"

# Revoke a GCP service account key (JSON key file)
kingfisher revoke --rule gcp '{"type":"service_account","project_id":"example","private_key_id":"abcd1234","private_key":"-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n...\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n","client_email":"example@project.iam.gserviceaccount.com","token_uri":"https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token"}'

kingfisher revoke --rule gcp "$(cat service-account.json)"

# JSON output for scripting
kingfisher revoke --rule slack "xoxb-..." --format json

# TOON output for LLMs and agent tooling
kingfisher revoke --rule slack "xoxb-..." --format toon

Exit codes: Returns 0 if any matching rule reports a successful revocation, 1 if all are failures or an error occurred.

Passing additional values (--arg and --var): Works the same as kingfisher validate when a revocation request requires extra variables.

Limit maximum file size scanned (--max-file-size)¶

By default, Kingfisher skips files larger than 256 MB. You can raise or lower this cap per run with --max-file-size, which takes a value in megabytes.

# Scan files up to 500 mb in size
kingfisher scan /some/file --max-file-size 500

Scan using a rule family with one flag¶

(prefix matching: --rule kingfisher.aws loads kingfisher.aws.*)

# Only apply AWS-related rules (kingfisher.aws.1 + kingfisher.aws.2)
kingfisher scan /path/to/repo --rule kingfisher.aws

Display rule performance statistics¶

kingfisher scan /path/to/repo --rule-stats

Scan while ignoring likely test files¶

--exclude skips any file or directory whose path matches this glob pattern (repeatable, uses gitignore-style syntax, case sensitive)

# Scan source but skip likely unit / integration tests
kingfisher scan ./my-project \
  --exclude='[Tt]est' \
  --exclude='spec' \
  --exclude='[Ff]ixture' \
  --exclude='example' \
  --exclude='sample'

Exclude specific paths¶

# Skip all Python files and any directory named tests
kingfisher scan ./my-project \
  --exclude '*.py' \
  --exclude '[Tt]ests'

Scan changes in CI pipelines¶

Limit scanning to the delta between your default branch and a pull request branch by combining --since-commit with --branch (defaults to HEAD). This only scans files that differ between the two references, which keeps CI runs fast while still blocking new secrets.

Use --branch-root-commit alongside --branch when you need to include a specific commit (and everything after it) in a diff-focused scan without re-examining earlier history. Provide the branch tip (or other comparison ref) via --branch, and pass the commit or merge-base you want to include with --branch-root-commit. If you omit --branch-root-commit, you can still enable --branch-root to fall back to treating the --branch ref itself as the inclusive root for backwards compatibility. This is especially useful in long-lived branches where you want to resume scanning from a previous review point or from the commit where a hotfix forked.

How is this different from --since-commit?
--since-commit computes a diff between the branch tip and another ref, so it only inspects files that changed between those two points in history. --branch-root-commit rewinds to the parent of the commit you provide and then scans everything introduced from that commit forward, even if the files are unchanged relative to another baseline. Reach for --since-commit to keep CI scans fast by checking only the latest delta, and use --branch-root-commit when you want to re-audit the full contents of a branch starting at a specific commit.

kingfisher scan . \
  --since-commit origin/main \
  --branch "$CI_BRANCH"

Another example:

cd /tmp
git clone https://github.com/micksmix/SecretsTest.git

cd /tmp/SecretsTest
git checkout feature-1
#
# scan diff between main and feature-1 branch
kingfisher scan /tmp/SecretsTest --branch feature-1 \
  --since-commit=$(git -C /tmp/SecretsTest merge-base main feature-1)
#
# scan only a specific commit
kingfisher scan /tmp/SecretsTest \
  --branch baba6ccb453963d3f6136d1ace843e48d7007c3f
#
# scan feature-1 starting at a specific commit (inclusive)
kingfisher scan /tmp/SecretsTest --branch feature-1 \
  --branch-root-commit baba6ccb453963d3f6136d1ace843e48d7007c3f
#
# scan feature-1 starting from the commit where the branch diverged from main
kingfisher scan /tmp/SecretsTest --branch feature-1 \
  --branch-root-commit $(git -C /tmp/SecretsTest merge-base main feature-1)
#
# scan from a hotfix commit that should be re-checked before merging
HOTFIX_COMMIT=$(git -C /tmp/SecretsTest rev-parse hotfix~1)
kingfisher scan /tmp/SecretsTest --branch hotfix \
  --branch-root-commit "$HOTFIX_COMMIT"

When the branch under test is already checked out, --branch HEAD or omitting --branch entirely is sufficient. Kingfisher exits with 200 when any findings are discovered and 205 when validated secrets are present, allowing CI jobs to fail automatically if new credentials slip in.

Tip: You can point Kingfisher at a local working tree and scan another branch or commit without changing checkouts. The CLI now resolves repositories from their worktree roots, so commands like the following work without needing to pass the .git directory explicitly:

kingfisher scan /path/to/local/repo --branch <ref>
kingfisher scan C:\\src\\repo --branch <commit-hash>

The same diff-focused workflow works when cloning repositories on the fly by passing a Git URL directly to scan. Kingfisher automatically tries remote-tracking names like origin/main and origin/feature-1, so you can target the branches involved in a pull request without performing a local checkout first.

kingfisher scan https://github.com/org/repo.git \
  --since-commit main \
  --branch development

When --since-commit is omitted, specifying --branch scans the requested ref directly. This makes it easy to analyze a feature branch without checking it out locally.

# Scan a branch from an existing checkout
kingfisher scan ~/tmp/repo --branch feature-123

# Or scan a branch when cloning on the fly
kingfisher scan https://github.com/org/repo.git \
  --branch origin/feature-123

In CI systems that expose the base and head commits explicitly, you can pass those SHAs directly while scanning a Git URL:

kingfisher scan https://github.com/org/repo.git \
  --since-commit "$BASE_COMMIT" \
  --branch "$PR_HEAD_COMMIT"

If you want to know which files are being skipped, enable verbose debugging (-v) when scanning, which will report any files being skipped by the baseline file (or via --exclude):

# Skip all Python files and any directory named tests, and report to stderr any skipped files
kingfisher scan ./my-project \
  --exclude '*.py' \
  --exclude tests \
  -v

Scanning Platform-Specific Targets¶

Deprecated Legacy scan flags such as --github-user, --gitlab-group, --bitbucket-workspace, --azure-organization, --huggingface-user, --slack-query, --jira-url, --confluence-url, --s3-bucket, --gcs-bucket, and --docker-image still work for now, but they trigger a warning and will be removed in a future release. Migrate to the kingfisher scan <provider> subcommands below to future-proof your automations.

AWS S3¶

You can scan S3 objects directly:

kingfisher scan s3 bucket-name [--prefix path/]

Credential resolution happens in this order:

1. KF_AWS_KEY and KF_AWS_SECRET environment variables (optionally KF_AWS_SESSION_TOKEN for temporary credentials)
2. --profile pointing to a profile in ~/.aws/config (works with AWS SSO)
3. anonymous access for public buckets

If --role-arn is supplied, the credentials from steps 1–2 are used to assume that role.

Examples:

# using explicit keys
export KF_AWS_KEY=AKIA...
export KF_AWS_SECRET=g5nYW...
kingfisher scan s3 some-example-bucket

# Above can also be run as:
KF_AWS_KEY=AKIA... KF_AWS_SECRET=g5nYW... kingfisher scan s3 some-example-bucket

# using a local profile (e.g., SSO) that exists in your AWS profile (~/.aws/config)
kingfisher scan s3 some-example-bucket --profile default

# anonymous scan of a bucket, while providing an object prefix to only scan subset of the s3 bucket
kingfisher scan s3 awsglue-datasets \
  --prefix examples/us-legislators/all

# assuming a role when scanning
kingfisher scan s3 some-example-bucket \
  --role-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/MyRole

# anonymous scan of a public bucket
kingfisher scan s3 some-example-bucket

Docker example:

docker run --rm \
  -e KF_AWS_KEY=AKIA... \
  -e KF_AWS_SECRET=g5nYW... \
  ghcr.io/mongodb/kingfisher:latest \
    scan s3 bucket-name

Google Cloud Storage¶

Use the gcs scan subcommand to stream objects directly from Google Cloud Storage. Authentication uses Application Default Credentials, so you can provide a service-account JSON file via the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable or by passing --service-account. Public buckets work without credentials.

kingfisher scan gcs bucket-name

# scan a sub-tree inside the bucket
kingfisher scan gcs bucket-name --prefix path/to/data/

# supply a service-account key explicitly
kingfisher scan gcs bucket-name --service-account /path/to/key.json

Functional example:

kingfisher scan gcs cloud-samples-data --prefix "storage/"

Docker Images¶

Kingfisher will first try to use any locally available image, then fall back to pulling via OCI.

Authentication happens in this order:

1. KF_DOCKER_TOKEN env var
2. If it contains user:pass, it's used as Basic auth
3. Otherwise it's sent as a Bearer token
4. Docker CLI credentials
5. Checks credHelpers (per-registry) and credsStore in ~/.docker/config.json.
6. Falls back to the legacy auths → auth (base64) entries.
7. Anonymous (no credentials)

# 1) Scan public or already-pulled image
kingfisher scan docker ghcr.io/owasp/wrongsecrets/wrongsecrets-master:latest-master

# 2) For private registries, explicitly set KF_DOCKER_TOKEN:
#    - Basic auth:     "user:pass"
#    - Bearer only:    "TOKEN"
export KF_DOCKER_TOKEN="AWS:$(aws ecr get-login-password --region us-east-1)"
kingfisher scan docker some-private-registry.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/base/amazonlinux2023:latest

# 3) Or rely on your Docker CLI login/keychain:
#    (e.g. aws ecr get-login-password … | docker login …)
kingfisher scan docker private.registry.example.com/my-image:tag

GitHub¶

Scan GitHub organization (requires KF_GITHUB_TOKEN)¶

kingfisher scan github --organization my-org
kingfisher scan github --organization my-org --repo-clone-limit 500

Skip specific GitHub repositories during enumeration¶

Repeat --github-exclude for every repository you want to ignore when scanning users or organizations. You can provide exact repositories like OWNER/REPO or gitignore-style glob patterns such as owner/*-archive (matching is case-insensitive).

kingfisher scan github --organization my-org \
  --github-exclude my-org/huge-repo \
  --github-exclude my-org/*-archive

Scan remote GitHub repository¶

Pass a repository URL as a positional scan target to clone and scan its files and history. (The legacy --git-url flag still works but is deprecated.) When the URL targets GitHub and you pass --include-contributors, Kingfisher enumerates repository contributors and attempts to clone all public repos owned by those contributors—a common offensive and blue-team pivot when developers leak secrets in personal or side projects. Use --repo-clone-limit to cap how many repositories are cloned during this enumeration.

NOTE: This may cause you to be temporarily rate-limited by GitHub. Providing a token (KF_GITHUB_TOKEN) will provide a higher rate limit.

To inspect related server-side data, supply --repo-artifacts. This flag pulls down the repository's issues (including pull requests), wiki, and any public gists owned by the repository owner and scans them for secrets. Fetching these extras counts against API rate limits and private artifacts require a KF_GITHUB_TOKEN.

Use --git-clone-dir to choose where cloned repositories land and --keep-clones to preserve them for follow-on analysis.

Why can scanning a remote URL report fewer findings than scanning a local checkout?.

Remote clones default to --mirror/bare mode so Kingfisher only reads the Git history. When you point Kingfisher at an existing working tree (for example kingfisher scan ./repo), it enumerates both the filesystem contents and the Git history. Any secrets that are present in the checked-out files therefore appear twice: once from the working tree path and once from the commit where the secret entered the history. To replicate the remote behavior locally, either scan a bare clone or disable history scanning with --git-history none when targeting a working tree.

# Scan the repository only
kingfisher scan github.com/org/repo

# Scan the repository plus contributor repos, but cap the crawl
kingfisher scan https://github.com/org/repo.git \
  --include-contributors \
  --repo-clone-limit 250

# Keep clones for later manual inspection
kingfisher scan https://github.com/org/repo.git \
  --git-clone-dir ./kingfisher-clones \
  --keep-clones

# Include issues, wiki, and owner gists
kingfisher scan https://github.com/org/repo.git --repo-artifacts

# Private repositories or artifacts
KF_GITHUB_TOKEN="ghp_…" kingfisher scan https://github.com/org/private_repo.git --repo-artifacts

GitLab¶

Scan GitLab group (requires KF_GITLAB_TOKEN)¶

kingfisher scan gitlab --group my-group
# include repositories from all nested subgroups
kingfisher scan gitlab --group my-group --include-subgroups
kingfisher scan gitlab --group my-group --repo-clone-limit 500

Scan GitLab user¶

kingfisher scan gitlab --user johndoe

Skip specific GitLab projects during enumeration¶

Repeat --gitlab-exclude for every project path you want to ignore when scanning users or groups. Specify project paths as group/project (case-insensitive) or use gitignore-style glob patterns like group/**/archive-* to drop families of projects across nested subgroups.

kingfisher scan gitlab --group my-group \
  --gitlab-exclude my-group/huge-project \
  --gitlab-exclude my-group/**/archive-*

Scan remote GitLab repository by URL¶

A Git URL target by itself clones the project repository. When the URL targets GitLab and you pass --include-contributors, Kingfisher enumerates contributors and tries to clone their other public projects to catch secrets that escape the main repo. Apply --repo-clone-limit to cap the total repos cloned during this pivot.

NOTE: This may cause you to be temporarily rate-limited by GitLab. Providing a token (KF_GITLAB_TOKEN) will provide a higher rate limit.

To include server-side artifacts owned by the project, add --repo-artifacts. Kingfisher will retrieve the project's issues, wiki, and snippets and scan them for secrets. These extra requests may take longer and require a KF_GITLAB_TOKEN for private projects.

Use --git-clone-dir to choose where cloned projects land and --keep-clones to preserve them for later review.

# Scan the repository only
kingfisher scan gitlab.com/group/project.git

# Scan the repository plus contributor projects, but cap the crawl
kingfisher scan https://gitlab.com/group/project.git \
  --include-contributors \
  --repo-clone-limit 250

# Keep clones for later manual inspection
kingfisher scan https://gitlab.com/group/project.git \
  --git-clone-dir ./kingfisher-clones \
  --keep-clones

# Include issues, wiki, and snippets
kingfisher scan https://gitlab.com/group/project.git --repo-artifacts

# Private projects or artifacts
KF_GITLAB_TOKEN="glpat-…" kingfisher scan https://gitlab.com/group/private_project.git --repo-artifacts

List GitLab repositories¶

kingfisher scan gitlab --group my-group --list-only
# include repositories from all nested subgroups
kingfisher scan gitlab --group my-group --include-subgroups --list-only
# skip specific projects when listing or scanning (supports glob patterns)
kingfisher scan gitlab --group my-group --gitlab-exclude my-group/**/legacy-* --list-only

Azure Repos¶

Scan Azure Repos organization or collection (requires KF_AZURE_TOKEN or KF_AZURE_PAT)¶

kingfisher scan azure --organization my-org

# Azure Repos Server example
KF_AZURE_PAT="pat" kingfisher scan azure --organization DefaultCollection --azure-base-url https://ado.internal.example/tfs/

Scan specific Azure Repos projects¶

Projects are specified as ORGANIZATION/PROJECT. Repeat the flag for multiple projects.

kingfisher scan azure --project my-org/payments \
  --project my-org/core-platform

Skip specific Azure repositories during enumeration¶

Repeat --azure-exclude to ignore repositories when scanning organizations or projects. Use identifiers like ORGANIZATION/PROJECT/REPOSITORY. Repositories that share the same name as their project can be excluded with ORGANIZATION/PROJECT, and gitignore-style patterns such as my-org/*/archive-* are also supported.

kingfisher scan azure --organization my-org \
  --azure-exclude my-org/payments/legacy-service \
  --azure-exclude my-org/**/archive-*

List Azure repositories¶

kingfisher scan azure --organization my-org --list-only
# list repositories for specific projects
kingfisher scan azure --project my-org/app --project my-org/api --list-only
# skip specific repositories while listing (supports glob patterns)
kingfisher scan azure --organization my-org --azure-exclude my-org/**/experimental-* --list-only

Gitea¶

Scan Gitea organization (requires KF_GITEA_TOKEN)¶

kingfisher scan gitea --organization my-org
# self-hosted example
KF_GITEA_TOKEN="gtoken" kingfisher scan gitea --organization platform --gitea-api-url https://gitea.internal.example/api/v1/

Scan Gitea user¶

kingfisher scan gitea --user johndoe

Skip specific Gitea repositories during enumeration¶

Repeat --gitea-exclude for each repository you want to ignore when scanning users or organizations. Accepts owner/repo identifiers or gitignore-style glob patterns like team/**/archive-*.

kingfisher scan gitea --organization my-org \
  --gitea-exclude my-org/legacy-repo \
  --gitea-exclude my-org/**/archive-*

Scan remote Gitea repository by URL¶

A Git URL target clones the repository and scans its history. Adding --repo-artifacts also clones the repository wiki if one exists. Private repositories and wikis require KF_GITEA_TOKEN (and KF_GITEA_USERNAME when cloning via HTTPS).

# Scan the repository only
kingfisher scan https://gitea.com/org/repo.git

# Include the repository wiki (if present)
KF_GITEA_TOKEN="gtoken" KF_GITEA_USERNAME="org" \
  kingfisher scan https://gitea.com/org/repo.git --repo-artifacts

List Gitea repositories¶

kingfisher scan gitea --organization my-org --list-only
# enumerate every organization visible to the authenticated user
KF_GITEA_TOKEN="gtoken" kingfisher scan gitea --all-gitea-organizations --list-only
# self-hosted example
KF_GITEA_TOKEN="gtoken" kingfisher scan gitea --user johndoe --gitea-api-url https://gitea.internal.example/api/v1/ --list-only

Bitbucket¶

Scan Bitbucket workspace¶

kingfisher scan bitbucket --workspace my-team
# include Bitbucket Cloud repositories from every accessible workspace
KF_BITBUCKET_TOKEN="$BITBUCKET_TOKEN" \
  kingfisher scan bitbucket --all-workspaces

Scan Bitbucket user¶

kingfisher scan bitbucket --user johndoe

Skip specific Bitbucket repositories during enumeration¶

Use --bitbucket-exclude to ignore repositories while scanning users, workspaces, or projects. Patterns accept either owner/repo (case-insensitive) or gitignore-style globs such as workspace/**/archive-*.

kingfisher scan bitbucket --workspace my-team \
  --bitbucket-exclude my-team/legacy-repo \
  --bitbucket-exclude my-team/**/archive-*

Scan remote Bitbucket repository by URL¶

A Git URL target clones the repository and scans its files and history. To inspect Bitbucket artifacts such as issues, add --repo-artifacts. Private artifacts require credentials (see Authenticate to Bitbucket).

# Scan the repository only
kingfisher scan https://bitbucket.org/hashashash/secretstest.git

# Include repository issues
KF_BITBUCKET_TOKEN="$BITBUCKET_TOKEN" \
  kingfisher scan https://bitbucket.org/workspace/project.git --repo-artifacts

List Bitbucket repositories¶

kingfisher scan bitbucket --workspace my-team --list-only
# enumerate all accessible workspaces or projects
KF_BITBUCKET_TOKEN="$BITBUCKET_TOKEN" \
  kingfisher scan bitbucket --all-workspaces --list-only
# filter out repositories using glob patterns
kingfisher scan bitbucket --workspace my-team --bitbucket-exclude my-team/**/experimental-* --list-only

Authenticate to Bitbucket¶

Kingfisher supports Bitbucket Cloud and Bitbucket Server credentials:

• Workspace API token (Cloud) – set KF_BITBUCKET_TOKEN. Kingfisher automatically uses the token for Bitbucket REST APIs and authenticates git operations as x-token-auth.
• Bitbucket Server token – set KF_BITBUCKET_USERNAME and either KF_BITBUCKET_TOKEN or KF_BITBUCKET_PASSWORD.
• Legacy app password (Cloud) – set KF_BITBUCKET_USERNAME and KF_BITBUCKET_APP_PASSWORD.
• OAuth/PAT token – set KF_BITBUCKET_OAUTH_TOKEN.

These credentials match the options described in the ghorg setup guide.

Bitbucket no longer supports App Tokens as of September 9, 2025: https://support.atlassian.com/bitbucket-cloud/docs/api-tokens/

As of September 9, 2025, app passwords can no longer be created. Use API tokens with scopes instead. All existing app passwords will be disabled on June 9, 2026. Migrate any integrations before then to avoid disruptions.

Self-hosted Bitbucket Server¶

Use --bitbucket-api-url to point Kingfisher at your server's REST endpoint, for example https://bitbucket.example.com/rest/api/1.0/. Provide credentials with KF_BITBUCKET_USERNAME plus either KF_BITBUCKET_TOKEN or KF_BITBUCKET_PASSWORD, and pass --tls-mode=off (or the legacy --ignore-certs) when connecting to HTTP or otherwise insecure instances.

Hugging Face¶

Hugging Face hosts git repositories for models, datasets, and Spaces. Kingfisher can enumerate and scan all three resource types.

Scan Hugging Face user¶

kingfisher scan huggingface --user <username>

Scan Hugging Face organization¶

kingfisher scan huggingface --organization <orgname>

Scan specific Hugging Face resources¶

Scan individual repositories by ID (owner/name) or by passing the full HTTPS URL:

kingfisher scan huggingface --model <owner/model>
kingfisher scan huggingface --dataset https://huggingface.co/datasets/<owner>/<dataset>
kingfisher scan huggingface --space <owner/space>

Use --huggingface-exclude to omit results returned by user or organization enumeration. Prefix values with model:, dataset:, or space: when you only want to skip a specific resource type.

List Hugging Face repositories¶

kingfisher scan huggingface --user <username> --list-only

Authenticate to Hugging Face¶

Private repositories require an access token provided through the KF_HUGGINGFACE_TOKEN environment variable. For git authentication the helper also honours KF_HUGGINGFACE_USERNAME (default hf_user).

Jira¶

Scan Jira issues matching a JQL query¶

KF_JIRA_TOKEN="token" kingfisher scan jira --url https://jira.company.com \
    --jql "project = TEST AND status = Open" \
    --max-results 500

Include Jira comments and changelog entries¶

KF_JIRA_TOKEN="token" kingfisher scan jira --url https://jira.company.com \
    --jql "project = TEST AND status = Open" \
    --include-comments \
    --include-changelog

--include-comments writes and scans per-issue comments.json artifacts.
--include-changelog writes and scans per-issue changelog.json artifacts.

Scan the last 1,000 Jira issues¶

KF_JIRA_TOKEN="token" kingfisher scan jira --url https://jira.mongodb.org \
  --jql 'ORDER BY created DESC' \
  --max-results 1000

Confluence¶

Scan Confluence pages matching a CQL query¶

# Bearer token
KF_CONFLUENCE_TOKEN="token" kingfisher scan confluence --url https://confluence.company.com \
    --cql "label = secret" \
    --max-results 500

# Basic auth with username and token
KF_CONFLUENCE_USER="user@example.com" KF_CONFLUENCE_TOKEN="token" \
  kingfisher scan confluence --url https://confluence.company.com \
    --cql "text ~ 'password'" \
    --max-results 500

Use the base URL of your Confluence site for --confluence-url. Kingfisher automatically adds /rest/api to the end, so https://example.com/wiki and https://example.com both work depending on your server configuration.

Generate a personal access token and set it in the KF_CONFLUENCE_TOKEN environment variable. By default, Kingfisher sends the token as a bearer token in the Authorization header.

To use basic authentication instead, also set KF_CONFLUENCE_USER to your Confluence email address; Kingfisher will then send the username and KF_CONFLUENCE_TOKEN as a Basic auth header. If the server responds with a redirect to a login page, the credentials are invalid or lack the required permissions.

Slack¶

Scan Slack messages matching a search query¶

KF_SLACK_TOKEN="xoxp-1234..." kingfisher scan slack "from:username has:link" \
    --max-results 1000

KF_SLACK_TOKEN="xoxp-1234..." kingfisher scan slack "akia" \
    --max-results 1000

The Slack token must be a user token with the search:read scope. Bot tokens (those beginning with xoxb-) cannot call the Slack search API.

Microsoft Teams¶

Scan Teams messages matching a search query¶

KF_TEAMS_TOKEN="eyJ0..." kingfisher scan teams "password OR api_key" \
    --max-results 1000

KF_TEAMS_TOKEN="eyJ0..." kingfisher scan teams "akia" \
    --max-results 1000

The token must be a Microsoft Graph API access token with ChannelMessage.Read.All (application) or Chat.Read (delegated) permissions. You can obtain one via Azure AD app registration or the Azure CLI:

az login
KF_TEAMS_TOKEN=$(az account get-access-token --resource https://graph.microsoft.com --query accessToken -o tsv)
kingfisher scan teams "secret OR password"

Note: Microsoft Graph does not support personal Microsoft accounts for Teams chat operations. Teams scanning requires a Microsoft 365 work or school account; free/personal Teams accounts are not supported by the Graph API.

TLS Certificate Validation¶

Kingfisher validates TLS certificates when connecting to endpoints during secret validation (database connections, API calls, JWKS fetching, etc.). The --tls-mode flag controls this behavior:

When to use --tls-mode=lax¶

The lax mode is designed for environments where:

• Database connections use self-signed certificates (common for PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB)
• Private CAs are used (e.g., Amazon RDS uses an Amazon-issued CA that may not be in your system trust store)
• Internal services have certificates not signed by public CAs

Rules must opt into lax TLS by declaring tls_mode: lax in their definition. When you pass --tls-mode=lax, only rules with this declaration will use relaxed certificate validation. SaaS API validators (GitHub, Slack, AWS, etc.) always use strict validation regardless of this flag.

Examples¶

# Default: strict TLS everywhere
kingfisher scan ./repo

# Lax TLS for database connection rules (Postgres, MySQL, MongoDB, JDBC, JWT)
kingfisher scan --tls-mode=lax ./repo

# Disable all TLS validation (not recommended)
kingfisher scan --tls-mode=off ./repo

The legacy --ignore-certs flag is still supported as an alias for --tls-mode=off.

SSRF Protection¶

Kingfisher makes outbound HTTP requests during credential validation, with URLs sometimes constructed from user-controlled data found in scanned content (e.g., domain names extracted alongside API keys). To prevent Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), Kingfisher blocks validation requests that would connect to non-public IP addresses.

What is blocked¶

By default, validation requests are rejected if the target hostname resolves to any of these address ranges:

HTTP redirects during credential validation are also validated: each redirect target is resolved via DNS and checked against the same SSRF rules above. Redirects to non-public IPs are blocked. When --allow-internal-ips is used, redirect validation is disabled along with all other SSRF protections.

--allow-internal-ips¶

If you are scanning infrastructure that uses internal endpoints for credential validation (e.g., self-hosted GitLab, Artifactory, or Vault behind a private network), use --allow-internal-ips to disable SSRF protections:

# Scan with SSRF protection disabled (allows requests to internal IPs)
kingfisher scan --allow-internal-ips ./repo

# Also works with the validate command
kingfisher validate --allow-internal-ips --rule kingfisher.artifactory.1

Warning: Only use --allow-internal-ips when you trust the content being scanned. Malicious content could cause Kingfisher to make requests to internal services.

Understanding the Scan Summary¶

After each scan, Kingfisher displays a summary with validation statistics:

==========================================
Scan Summary:
==========================================
 |Findings....................: 15
 |__Successful Validations....: 3
 |__Failed Validations........: 5
 |__Skipped Validations.......: 2
 |Rules Applied...............: 120
 |__Blobs Scanned.............: 1,234
 |Bytes Scanned...............: 45.2 MB
 |Scan Duration...............: 12s 345ms
 ...

Validation Counters¶

Why Validations Are Skipped¶

Validations are marked as "skipped" when:

• Missing dependent rules: Some rules require values from other rules to validate. For example, an AWS Secret Key rule needs the Access Key ID from the AWS Access Key rule. If the dependent rule wasn't matched, validation cannot proceed.
• Preconditions not met: The validation endpoint requires additional context that wasn't available in the scan.

When a validation is skipped, the finding will show:

 |Validation....: Inactive Credential
 |__Response....: Validation skipped - missing dependent rules: helper-rule-id

This distinction helps you understand validation coverage: Failed Validations represent actual validation attempts, while Skipped Validations indicate opportunities to improve rule coverage or provide additional context.

Environment Variables¶

Set them temporarily per command:

KF_GITLAB_TOKEN="glpat-…" kingfisher scan gitlab --group my-group

Or export for the session:

export KF_GITLAB_TOKEN="glpat-…"

To authenticate Jira requests:

export KF_JIRA_TOKEN="token"

To authenticate Confluence requests:

export KF_CONFLUENCE_TOKEN="token"

If no token is provided Kingfisher still works for public repositories.

Exit Codes¶