Create Indexes

Indexes support the efficient execution of queries in MongoDB. To create an index on a field or fields, pass an index specification document to the MongoCollection.createIndex() method.

The MongoDB Java Driver provides the Indexes class that includes static factory methods to create index specification documents for the various MongoDB Index key types.

Prerequisites

• Include the following import statements:

   import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
   import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
   import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
   import org.bson.Document;
  
   import com.mongodb.client.model.Indexes;
   import com.mongodb.client.model.IndexOptions;
   import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
  

Connect to a MongoDB Deployment

Connect to a MongoDB deployment and declare and define a MongoDatabase and a MongoCollection instances.

For example, include the following code to connect to a standalone MongoDB deployment running on localhost on port 27017 and define database to refer to the test database and collection to refer to the restaurants collection:

MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient();
MongoDatabase database = mongoClient.getDatabase("test");
MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("restaurants");

For additional information on connecting to MongoDB, see Connect to MongoDB.

Ascending Index

To create a specification for an ascending index, use the Indexes.ascending static helper methods.

Single Ascending Index

The following example creates an ascending index on the name field:

collection.createIndex(Indexes.ascending("name"));

Compound Ascending Index

The following example creates an ascending compound index on the stars field and the name field:

collection.createIndex(Indexes.ascending("stars", "name"));

For an alternative way to create a compound index, see Compound Indexes.

Descending Index

To create a specification of a descending index, use the Indexes.descending static helper methods.

Single Descending Key Index

The following example creates a descending index on the stars field:

collection.createIndex(Indexes.descending("stars"));

Compound Descending Key Index

The following example creates a descending compound index on the stars field and the name field:

collection.createIndex(Indexes.descending("stars", "name"));

For an alternative way to create a compound index, see Compound Indexes.

Compound Indexes

To create a specification for a compound index, use the Indexes.compoundIndex static helper methods.

The following example creates a compound index with the stars field in descending order and the name field in ascending order:

collection.createIndex(Indexes.compoundIndex(Indexes.descending("stars"), Indexes.ascending("name")));

Text Indexes

MongoDB provides text indexes to support text search of string content. Text indexes can include any field whose value is a string or an array of string elements. To create a specification for a text index, use the Indexes.text static helper method.

The following example creates a text index on the name field:

collection.createIndex(Indexes.text("name"));

Hashed Index

To create a specification for a hashed index index, use the Indexes.hashed static helper method.

The following example creates a hashed index on the _id field:

collection.createIndex(Indexes.hashed("_id"));

Geospatial Indexes

To support geospatial queries, MongoDB supports various geospatial indexes.

2dsphere

To create a specification for a 2dsphere index, use the Indexes.geo2dsphere static helper methods.

The following example creates a 2dsphere index on the "contact.location" field:

collection.createIndex(Indexes.geo2dsphere("contact.location"));

2d

To create a specification for a 2d index index, use the Indexes.geo2d static helper method.

The following example creates a 2d index on the "contact.location" field:

collection.createIndex(Indexes.geo2d("contact.location"));

geoHaystack

To create a specification for a geoHaystack index, use the Indexes.geoHaystack method. geoHaystack indexes can improve performance on queries that use flat geometries.

The following example creates a geoHaystack index on the contact.location field and an ascending index on the stars field:

IndexOptions haystackOption = new IndexOptions().bucketSize(1.0);
collection.createIndex(
         Indexes.geoHaystack("contact.location", Indexes.ascending("stars")),
         haystackOption);

To query a haystack index, use the geoSearch command.

IndexOptions

import com.mongodb.client.model.IndexOptions;

In addition to the index specification document, the createIndex() method can take an index options document, such as to create unique indexes or partial indexes.

The Java Driver provides the IndexOptions class to specify various index options.

Unique Index

The following specifies a unique(true) option to create a unique index on the name and stars fields:

IndexOptions indexOptions = new IndexOptions().unique(true);
collection.createIndex(Indexes.ascending("name", "stars"), indexOptions);

For more information on unique indexes, see Unique Indexes.

Partial Index

To create a partial index, include a partialFilterExpression as an index option.

The following example creates a partial index on documents that have status field equal to "A".

IndexOptions partialFilterIndexOptions = new IndexOptions()
                .partialFilterExpression(Filters.exists("contact.email"));
collection.createIndex(
                Indexes.descending("name", "stars"), partialFilterIndexOptions);

For more information on partial indexes, see Partial Indexes.

Get a List of Indexes on a Collection

Use the listIndexes() method to get a list of indexes. The following lists the indexes on the collection:

for (Document index : collection.listIndexes()) {
    System.out.println(index.toJson());
}

For other index options, see MongoDB Manual .